Traces of "giant red monster" discovered in Peru

The Guardian newspaper reported on March 21 that scientists have just discovered the fossilized skull of a giant dolphin that lived in the Amazon River 16 million years ago, believed to have left the ocean to live in rivers in Peru.

The newly discovered dolphin species, scientifically named Pebanista yacuruna, can grow up to 3.5 m long and is the largest freshwater dolphin ever known.

Superhuman size is also noted in contemporary creatures from this region, including fish and crocodiles.

Pebanista yacuruna belongs to the family Platanistoidea, an ancient group of dolphins that lived between 24 and 16 million years ago.

Scientists initially thought they had found the ancestor of the ancient Amazon river dolphin, but were surprised when analysis showed that the South Asian river dolphin was its closest relative.

The sea monster has all the typical features of Platanistoidea, including a face and specialized bone structures associated with echolocation. Meanwhile, its elongated snout suggests it was a fish-eater.

Its fossils have helped tell the history of the ancient Amazon region.

"16 million years ago, the Peruvian Amazon was very different from today, with much of the current plain covered by a vast system of lakes and lagoons called the Pebas," said Dr. Aldo Benites-Palomino, a paleontologist from the University of Zurich (Switzerland).

This ancient landscape included aquatic, semi-aquatic, and terrestrial ecosystems, spanning across present-day Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia, Peru, and Brazil.

However, about 10 million years ago, the environment changed, the Pebas system gave way to the modern Amazon region, where the prey of these giant creatures no longer existed, so they also became extinct.

The new discovery reflects the threat to existing freshwater dolphin species, all of which face extinction in the next 20-40 years, according to lead researcher Aldo Benites-Palomino in a paper published in the journal Science Advances .

A common problem facing river dolphins, including their closest fossil relatives, the Ganges and Indus river dolphins, is the imminent threat of extinction, said Marcelo R Sánchez-Villagra, director of the paleontology department at the University of Zurich. Urban development, pollution and mining are the main causes and are also pushing the Yangtze river dolphin to the brink of extinction, according to Sánchez-Villagra.

Minh Hoa (reported by Lao Dong and Thanh Nien)

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