Contusion, sprain

Dr. Nguyen Quoc Huy, Emergency Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, said that if you have a bruised limb or sprain, you should do 4 things: Rest, apply cold compresses, wrap a compression bandage, and elevate the injured area, also known as RICE (the first letters of 4 English words):

Rest

According to Dr. Nguyen Quoc Huy, when injured, we need to limit movement to reduce pain, crutches, canes, or common cloth splints can be useful for some cases of minor injury. For cases after injury where normal movements are limited, it is best to let the injured area rest completely by using a fixed splint (anything long and strong can be used to splint) across the 2 joints.

When injured, you need to limit movement to reduce pain.

Note that you should not try to manipulate, bend, or adjust the painful area to try to bring it back to normal position or try to repeat normal movements even though it is difficult, these efforts will cause pain and make the injury worse.

Ice pack

To reduce pain and swelling, you can buy pain-relieving sprays at pharmacies and quick-drying cold packs at supermarkets, or you can use ice in a plastic bag, then wrap it in a towel and apply it to avoid frostbite. In the first 24 hours, you apply ice about 3 times, each time about 20-30 minutes. Especially, do not apply hot oil or use heat in the first 24 hours because it can cause more swelling and bruising.

Compression

You should use elastic bandages, wrap gently and evenly to help the injured area reduce swelling and recover quickly. Note that you should not bandage too tightly as it will affect the circulation behind the bandage, you can ask medical staff to guide you on how to bandage and monitor. For example, you need to check the tips of your toes to see if they are purple or numb, if so, you need to loosen the elastic bandage.

You should use elastic bandage, wrap gently and evenly to help reduce swelling in the injured area and help it recover quickly.

Elevation

Elevate the injured limb above the heart to increase venous blood flow to the circulatory system, reducing swelling.

Dr. Nguyen Quoc Huy noted that some serious injuries, such as after falling, you cannot stand up, have a lot of pain in the back or neck area, cannot turn your neck, or you may lose sensation and movement when you have a spinal cord injury.

At this point, you need to call 115 for immediate medical assistance, because any attempt to turn can aggravate the damage to the cervical or lumbar spinal cord and can lead to actual paralysis. What can be done is to help the victim stay calm, absolutely avoid turning, use available items on the spot to relatively immobilize the neck area (with many newspapers or many rolled up cardboard sheets) or the back area (with bamboo splints, rain umbrellas ...).

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