Strange picturesque lake, but once killed nearly 2,000 people in one night

Killer Lake

On August 21, 1986, a disaster occurred around Lake Nyos in Cameroon, killing nearly 2,000 people and nearly 8,000 animals in just one night. A man traveling from Wum village to Nyos village discovered the disaster.

At first, he saw a dead antelope lying by the roadside. Then, when he entered the village, he discovered the bodies of a dog, two rats and a few other animals.

The man decided to go to the tents ahead to inquire about the situation and was shocked to find dead bodies lying everywhere. After searching everywhere and finding no survivors, he immediately ran back to Wum to report the news.

Strange picturesque lake, but once killed nearly 2,000 people in one night - 1 — In just one night, the strange lake killed nearly 2,000 people and about 8,000 animals within a 20km radius. (Photo: smithsonianmag)

The local government immediately dispatched police to investigate the incident after receiving information from neighboring villages. According to information from neighboring villages, the police knew that before the incident, they heard a very loud sound like a bomb exploding.

Then the air around was filled with a foul smell that made the people fall asleep. They did not know that an unforgettable disaster was about to take place in the village of Nyos.

According to police statistics, the death toll reached more than 1,746. On their bodies there was no sign of trauma or any collision that led to their deaths. In addition, about 8,000 domestic and wild animals also died mysteriously.

Many say the deaths of the Nyos villagers and animals were caused by evil spirits hiding beneath Lake Nyos that escaped.

A team of experts was sent by the Cameroon government to the scene to help solve the case. During the investigation, the experts found that the victims' bodies were concentrated mainly within a 20km radius around Lake Nyos. The closer to the lake, the more corpses there were.

Notably, most of the dead were in Nyos village, the closest to the lake. Villages further away from the lake had more survivors.

Strange picturesque lake, but once killed nearly 2,000 people in one night - 2 — After the catastrophic disaster, Lake Nyos's water is turning from blue to red. (Photo: smithsonianmag)

After many days of investigation, scientists hypothesized that because Lake Nyos is located on a volcano's crater, after becoming active again, the volcano erupted with toxic gases, causing the disaster.

However, this theory was quickly dismissed as many witnesses said they did not feel any earthquake or shaking. There were no signs of damage to the property or houses.

Luckily, they received information that the water in Lake Nyos had turned from blue to red and murky after the big explosion. Finally, the experts discovered the mysterious "culprit" that caused the disaster: Lake Nyos.

Preventing disasters from happening again

In fact, a landslide occurred next to Lake Nyos. This landslide created a tsunami that was 25 meters high and flooded the area around the lake. But, this landslide could not have killed that many people.

At the bottom of Lake Nyos, there is a huge amount of CO2. Lake Nyos was formed on the Cameroon “volcanic line”. This volcanic line may have formed 150 million years ago.

Lake Nyos formed in a volcanic crater. Crater lakes typically have higher than normal CO2 concentrations. The CO2 does not normally leak out, but evaporates as the lake water is replenished during rains.

However, Lake Nyos is extremely calm and is not affected by environmental fluctuations. Instead of releasing CO2, the lake accumulates it like a high-pressure gas storage tank. In fact, one liter of lake water dissolves more than 5 liters of CO2.

Strange picturesque lake, but once killed nearly 2,000 people in one night - 3 — To prevent the disaster from happening again, experts have installed many CO2 gas pipes under the bottom of the lake. (Photo: smithsonianmag)

When the landslide occurred, CO2 at the bottom of the lake rose and shot out of the water. About 1.2 km3 of CO2 was released within 20 seconds, forming a cloud about 100 m high and spreading around. When the CO2 cloud covered the area, all the burning fires were extinguished. The village of Nyos near the lake barely escaped the disaster.

After the real cause of the deaths of nearly 2,000 people was discovered, Lake Nyos was closely monitored by scientists and authorities. A CO2 vent pipe was installed at the bottom of the lake. After a successful test in 1995, the vent pipe was officially put into use in 2001.

As of fall 2006, the vent was still operating well and releasing nearly 20 million cubic meters of gas per year, more than the amount of gas being pumped into the lake. Scientists say this reduction is too small.

Another concern is that the natural dam at the north of Lake Nyos is eroding and could collapse within five years. If it fails, 50 million cubic metres of water could spill from the lake, drowning up to 10,000 people as it surges through the valleys below.

When the lake loses that much water, the water level can drop by as much as 40m. The water pressure that keeps CO2 at the bottom of the lake will no longer exist, causing a CO2 eruption that is more terrible than the 1986 incident.

Finally, the solution that scientists are rushing to implement is to both reinforce the natural dam with concrete and install four more straws to reduce CO2 levels to safe levels.

Quoc Thai (Source: Smithsonianmag)

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