Specifically, this scientist believes that the area of the black hole's event horizon never decreases, which has been confirmed through the most powerful collision between black holes ever recorded, with the symbol GW250114.
The first direct observation of gravitational waves was on September 14, 2015, with event GW150914, when two black holes, each more than 30 times the mass of the Sun, merged more than a billion light-years away.
Since then, the international LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA collaboration has recorded more than 300 gravitational wave signals.
Recently, in the fourth observation period (O4), they discovered a new signal called GW250114, similar in nature to GW150914 but nearly four times stronger.
Confirmation of Hawking's Area Law
According to Sciencealert, Stephen Hawking's theory of black hole mechanics, also known as the Area Law, states that the area of the black hole's event horizon must always increase or at least not decrease over time.
Merging black holes cannot be smaller than their parts (Photo: science).
In other words, after two black holes merge, the newly formed black hole needs to have an event horizon area no smaller than the sum of the event horizon areas of the two original components.
Data from the GW250114 event allowed scientists to separately measure the masses and spins of the two black holes before the merger, and then compare them with the mass and spin of the new black hole after the collision.
The results showed that the area of the event horizon of the black hole after the collision was clearly larger than the total area of the two original black holes, completely consistent with Hawking's prediction.
Relation to general relativity
Additionally, this event strengthened belief in Einstein's general theory of relativity, because the Black Hole Area Law is closely related to black hole thermodynamic concepts such as entropy (disorder), a relationship established by a colleague of Hawking's.
Future observations of gravitational waves with greater sensitivity will allow testing of the Area Law in different cases, the researchers say.
At the same time, it is possible to explore new frontiers of physics, such as in the quantum-time environment or the influence of mysterious components such as dark matter and dark energy.
Source: https://dantri.com.vn/khoa-hoc/ly-thuet-tao-bao-cua-hawking-duoc-khang-dinh-sau-va-cham-lich-su-20250912234415892.htm
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