How long can Vietnamese rice maintain its position as the world's second largest rice exporter?

Vietnam's surpassing Thailand in rice export volume is not a matter of luck, but the result of a decade of investment in varieties, processing technology and market strategy.

Rice harvest in An Giang province.

This achievement is increasingly reflecting the shift from “large exports” to “valued exports”, creating a clear competitive advantage. However, to maintain its position, the Vietnamese rice industry still needs to remove some bottlenecks, meet increasingly high quality standards and not let complacency slow down progress.

Recently, the Thai Rice Exporters Association said that Vietnam has surpassed Thailand to become the world's second largest rice exporter in the first 6 months of this year.

Advantage is cumulative, not a stroke of luck.

In the first 6 months of this year, Vietnam exported about 4.72 million tons of rice, up 3.5% over the same period, surpassing Thailand with 3.73 million tons (down sharply 27.3%) over the same period last year.

This achievement helped Vietnam temporarily hold the second position globally, just behind India, which sold 11.68 million tons, up 36.5% in the same period. In July, Vietnam continued to increase its total export volume for the first 7 months to 5.5 million tons, earning 2.81 billion USD. However, this value decreased by nearly 16% compared to the same period, reflecting clear pressure on selling prices even when volume increased.

Comparison of rice exports from Vietnam and Thailand

Behind the change of position with Thailand are two parallel trends. On the one hand, Thai rice exports have plummeted, as the country itself has forecast that the entire year will reach only 7.5 million tons, much lower than the 9.94 million tons of 2024. The bigger risk comes from trade tensions with the US, when Washington threatened to impose a 36% tax on Thai rice, pushing the selling price from about 1,000 USD/ton to 1,400-1,500 USD/ton. The high price has caused many customers to switch to more competitive sources, including Vietnam.

On the other hand, Vietnam not only takes advantage of the “gap” but also proactively expands the market. With an average export price of 514-517 USD/ton, Vietnamese rice is significantly cheaper than Thai rice, thereby penetrating more strongly into areas outside the traditional market.

The Philippines remains the top importer, but exports to Ghana increased by more than 50%, to Ivory Coast almost doubled, and to Bangladesh soared in value. This diversification reduces dependence on one market, but also places higher demands on quality standards and traceability if one wants to penetrate deeper into the EU or North America.

However, competition from India is putting pressure on. The country has increased exports sharply after easing export restrictions, causing global supplies to be abundant and prices to fall to multi-year lows. With excess supply and large reserves, the profit margins of exporters, including Vietnam, will come under significant pressure.

Holding the number two position: Pressure from both outside and inside

The race between Vietnam and Thailand for the second position on the rice export map has lasted for many years. Thailand has a long-standing advantage in terms of brand, especially in the high-quality fragrant rice segment such as the famous Hom Mali brand that is favored by many high-end markets. When the weather is favorable, this country can completely quickly increase production, increasing pressure on the markets that Vietnam is exploiting.

In that context, maintaining the second position is a big challenge for Vietnam. Even internally, the rice industry still faces significant risks. The Mekong Delta - the main "rice granary" for export - is still affected by saltwater intrusion, drought and climate change, causing potential fluctuations in output. Just a poor harvest is enough to reverse the growth momentum.

Vietnam's rice production

Although fragrant rice varieties such as ST24 and ST25 have created a buzz, the “Vietnamese Rice” brand has not yet achieved global recognition and is not clearly positioned in the high-end segment like “Hom Mali”. Without a strategy for brand building and deep processing, Vietnam will find it difficult to maximize opportunities in the value-added segment.

The latest figures show that the pressure is increasing as last July, Vietnam exported about 750,000-782,000 tons of rice, earning 366-382 million USD. The average price for 7 months was only 514 USD/ton, down 18.4% over the same period. Profit margins have been eroded, making businesses more cautious with long-term fixed-price contracts.

In addition, export management policies and technical barriers from demanding markets such as the EU and Japan remain major challenges. In the context of weak global demand or strong price cuts from competitors, Vietnam's price competitiveness will narrow. This requires a long-term strategy, shifting the focus from increasing output to enhancing product value.

In the short term (6-12 months), Vietnam can still maintain its second position thanks to stable supply and signed contracts. But in the medium term (1-3 years), if India continues to pump goods into the market or Thailand recovers production with a flexible pricing strategy, competition will become much fiercer. At that time, the advantage can only be maintained by investing in brand, quality and product diversification.

In the long term, the sustainable direction must be to shift to exporting high-quality, organic rice, with traceability and building a national brand. Otherwise, the current second position may just be a short-lived “wave” amid the cycle of oversupply and global climate fluctuations.

nhandan.vn

Source: https://baolaocai.vn/gao-viet-co-the-giu-duoc-vi-tri-xuat-khau-thu-hai-the-gioi-trong-bao-lau-post879582.html