First aid for 5 conditions of fire victims

Condition 1: The victim is only psychologically panicked, not injured. They need to be taken to a place with fresh air, away from the chaos of the fire. Let them sit, the first aid person sits at their eye level, reassures them, talks to them with simple questions, encourages them to focus on breathing, inhaling and exhaling, gives them water to drink...

People practice using fire extinguishers at the fire prevention and fighting training session of Da Nang City Police on October 7, an activity within the program of Fire Prevention and Fighting Action Month for the whole people (October)

Photo: HUY DAT

Condition 2: The victim has soft tissue injuries or fractures, possibly including psychological panic. By doing so, the victim will be less panicked and will be more likely to cooperate with first aid. Treat open wounds by rinsing with clean water, using personal medical tape for small scratches or using elastic bandages or cloth with a hemostasis bandaging if there is more bleeding. If a fracture is suspected, it is necessary to fix the fractured area with a splint/straight hard object or a splint wrapped around the body depending on the location, limit movement and movement to avoid the fractured bone from shifting, cutting into internal blood vessels causing more dangerous bleeding.

Condition 3: Victim is burned. Use tap water/bottle water to gently pour on the burn for 10-20 minutes depending on the severity of the burn. Remove jewelry and clothing from the burn if possible to avoid them sticking to the skin and causing skin loss later. Use plastic or food wrap to lightly wrap around the burn to limit further infection, quickly take the victim to the hospital.

Condition 4: The victim is unconscious due to toxic gas or suffocation but still breathing regularly and normally. Roll the victim to a side-lying position so that vomit does not overflow into the airway and cause suffocation. Ensure the victim is lying on his side with his neck extended to avoid a floppy tongue blocking the airway.

Condition 5: The victim shows signs of abnormal breathing, gasping, possibly accompanied by irregular convulsions, or apnea. They need to be placed on a hard floor and immediately perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) including 30 chest compressions: use the palm of your hand to place in the middle of the chest (between the 2 lungs, between the 2 nipples) with a pressure of 5 - 6 cm or a deep compression of 1/3 of the thickness of the chest, at a rate of 100 - 120 beats/minute, and after 30 times, give 2 breaths of oxygen/mouth-to-nose resuscitation into the victim's mouth or nose. Do the 30-2 CPR cycle continuously without stopping until the victim receives additional support from professionals or when the victim shows signs of breathing on their own, coughing, or waking up, then let them lie on their side in the recovery position while waiting for the ambulance to arrive. Instructions on how to perform CPR are provided on the free First Aid app and YouTube Survival Skills Vietnam as well as many other sources.

Source: https://thanhnien.vn/cach-so-cap-cuu-cho-5-tinh-trang-cua-nan-nhan-dam-chay-185250705233611202.htm